Highway construction begins with comprehensive planning and design. Engineers and planners assess factors such as traffic volume, population growth, economic development, environmental impact, and land use to determine the alignment, dimensions, and specifications of the highway. Detailed engineering plans and designs are created to outline the layout, cross-section, grades, and materials to be used in the construction of the highway.
Once the preliminary planning and design are completed, a route survey is conducted to determine the exact location and alignment of the highway. This may involve land surveys, geotechnical investigations, and environmental assessments to identify any potential obstacles or challenges. Land acquisition may be necessary to acquire the right-of-way for the highway alignment.
Before construction can commence, the construction site undergoes extensive earthwork and grading to prepare the terrain for the highway. This typically involves clearing vegetation, excavating earth, and shaping the terrain to achieve the desired road profile and cross-section. Proper grading is essential to establish a stable foundation for the highway and ensure proper drainage.
A strong and stable subbase and base are essential components of highway construction. Various materials such as crushed stone, gravel, or recycled concrete may be used to construct the subbase and base layers. These layers provide support for the pavement structure and help distribute loads evenly. They are compacted and graded to achieve the specified density and smoothness.
